Yearly Archives: 2025

Corrective feedback in educational contexts refers to information provided to learners regarding aspects of their understanding or performance that indicates errors or misconceptions and guides improvement. Unlike simple evaluation that merely indicates correctness, effective corrective feedback serves a formative function by clarifying learning targets, identifying gaps, and suggesting specific pathways toward improvement. When strategically implemented,…

Corporal punishment in educational contexts refers to the deliberate infliction of physical pain as a disciplinary measure, encompassing practices ranging from paddling and spanking to slapping, hitting, or forcing physically uncomfortable positions. This practice has deep historical roots in educational institutions across cultures, often justified through religious traditions, beliefs about child development, and social norms…

Co-regulation represents a developmental process and educational approach where adults temporarily provide external regulatory support to help children develop their own self-regulatory capabilities. Unlike behavior management strategies focused on compliance, co-regulation aims to gradually transfer regulatory responsibility from adult to child through responsive interactions that model, guide, and reinforce effective regulatory strategies. This developmental scaffolding…

Cooperative play represents a developmental milestone and pedagogical approach where children work together toward shared goals, demonstrating collaborative problem-solving, negotiation, and social coordination. This sophisticated form of play contrasts with earlier developmental stages like solitary, parallel, and associative play, marking an important transition in children’s social and cognitive development. As both a natural developmental process…